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<title>PowerLinux</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">PowerLinux</span></span>

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<p><b>PowerLinux</b> is the combination of a <a href="Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>-based operating system (OS) running on <a href="PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a>- or <a href="Power_ISA" title="Power ISA">Power ISA</a>-based computers from <a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>. It is often used in reference along with <i>Linux on Power</i>, and is also the name of several Linux-only <a href="IBM_Power_Systems" title="IBM Power Systems">IBM Power Systems</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IBM_and_Linux">IBM and Linux</h2></div>

<p>In the late 1990s, IBM began considering the Linux operating system. In 2000, IBM announced it would promote Linux.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_100_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_100-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2001, IBM invested $1 billion to back the Linux movement, embracing it as an operating system for IBM servers and software. Within a decade, Linux could be found in virtually every IBM business, geography and workload, and continues to be deeply embedded in IBM hardware, software, services and internal development.

</p><p>A survey released by the <a href="Linux_Foundation" title="Linux Foundation">Linux Foundation</a> in April 2012 showed IBM as the fifth-leading commercial contributor over the past seven years, with more than 600 developers involved in more than 100 open-source projects.<sup id="cite_ref-Linux_kernel_development_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Linux_kernel_development-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>IBM established the <a href="Linux_Technology_Center" title="Linux Technology Center">Linux Technology Center</a> (LTC) in 1999 to combine its software developers interested in Linux and other <a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open-source software</a> into a single organization. The LTC collaborated with the Linux community to make Linux run optimally on PowerPC, <a href="X86" title="X86">x86</a>, and more recently, the <a href="Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell Broadband Engine</a>. Developers in the LTC contribute to various open-source projects as well as projects focused on enabling Linux to use new hardware functions on IBM platforms.

</p><p>Linux has run on IBM POWER systems since 2001, when a team created a new, 64-bit port for the Linux kernel to allow the OS to run on PowerPC processors.<sup id="cite_ref-PPC64_history_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PPC64_history-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

The first system to fully support the 64-bit Linux kernel was IBM's POWER5, created in 2004. It was followed by POWER6 in 2007 and the current POWER7-based systems in 2010.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PowerLinux_Servers">PowerLinux Servers</h2></div>

<p>Linux was first ported to POWER in June 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-[ANNOUNCE]_Linux_boots_on_early_POWER4_hardware_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-[ANNOUNCE]_Linux_boots_on_early_POWER4_hardware-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then PowerLinux was used in a number of supercomputers including MareNostrum 2004 and Roadrunner 2008.

</p><p>Beginning in April 2012, IBM introduced three POWER7 processor-based Linux-specific systems for <a href="Big_data" title="Big data">big data</a> analytics, industry applications and open-source infrastructure services such as Web-serving, email and social media collaboration services.<sup id="cite_ref-CIO_Insight_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIO_Insight-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Linux-specific servers do not support <a href="IBM_AIX" title="IBM AIX">IBM AIX</a> or <a href="IBM_i" title="IBM i">IBM i</a>, the company's other operating systems for Power computers.<sup id="cite_ref-proven20151102_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proven20151102-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715075144/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/powerlinux/7r1/index.html">IBM PowerLinux 7R1</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120715075144/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/power/software/linux/powerlinux/7r1/index.html">IBM PowerLinux 7R2</a> systems are one- and two-<a href="Network_socket" title="Network socket">socket</a>, rack-mount servers that support either 8 or 16 POWER7 microprocessor cores in 3.55 GHz (7R1 only) or, with the 7R2, 3.55 and 3.3 GHz options with 128 GB maximum memory (for the 7R1) or 256 GB maximum memory (7R2) that can be configured with 8, 16 and 32 GB dual inline memory modules (<a href="DIMM" title="DIMM">DIMMs</a>). Both systems run Linux operating systems: <a href="Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a> or <a href="SUSE_Linux_Enterprise_Server" class="mw-redirect" title="SUSE Linux Enterprise Server">SUSE Linux Enterprise Server</a> and include a built-in PowerVM [for PowerLinux] hypervisor that supports up to 10 VMs per core and 160 VMs per server.

</p><p>The IBM PowerLinux 7R4 is a POWER7+ processor-based system in a 5U package with two or four sockets and 16 or 32 cores. It can accommodate up to 1 TB of 1066 MHz DDR3

Active Memory Sharing. PowerVM for Linux dynamically adjusts system resources to partitions based on workload demands-across up to 640 VMs per server (20 micropartitions per core).

</p><p>In a study on systems and architecture for big data, <a href="IBM_Research" title="IBM Research">IBM Research</a> found that a 10-node <a href="Hadoop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hadoop">Hadoop</a> cluster of PowerLinux 7R2 nodes with POWER7+ processors, running InfoSphere BigInsights software, can sort through a terabyte of data in less than 8 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-IBM_Research_study_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IBM_Research_study-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>IBM also introduced the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130515175745/http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/flex/compute-nodes/power/p24l/index.html">IBM Flex System p24L Compute Node</a>, a Linux-specific two-socket compute node for the recently announced <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibm.com/ibm/puresystems/us/en/pf_pureflex.html">IBM PureFlex System</a>, which contains 12 or 16 POWER7 microprocessor cores, up to 256 GB of memory, the option of Red Hat Enterprise Linux or SUSE Linux Enterprise Server operating systems and built-in PowerVM for PowerLinux.<sup id="cite_ref-ITIC_study_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITIC_study-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In addition to these specific products, Linux is capable of running on any Power series hardware.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="PowerLinux_versus_Linux/x86">PowerLinux versus Linux/x86</h2></div>

<p>The April 2012 releases by IBM of PowerLinux were designed specifically to run the Linux kernel on the company's POWER7-based systems. Unlike servers built on the <a href="Intel_Xeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Intel Xeon">Intel Xeon</a> processor, an x86 descendant with two threads per core, the POWER7 processor provides four threads per core. POWER-based servers are virtualized to provide 60 to 80 percent utilization, compared to a typical 40-percent rate for x86 processors. The PowerVM <a href="Virtualization" title="Virtualization">virtualization</a> program has a <a href="Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">Common Criteria Evaluation Assurance</a> (CC) level of 4+, with zero security vulnerabilities reported, as well as unlimited memory use.<sup id="cite_ref-Clabby_Analytics_report_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clabby_Analytics_report-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="About_PowerVM_virtualization">About PowerVM virtualization</h2></div>

<p><a href="IBM_Power_microprocessors" title="IBM Power microprocessors">Power</a>-based IBM systems have built in <a href="Full_virtualization" class="mw-redirect" title="Full virtualization">virtualization</a> capabilities derived from <a href="Mainframe_computer" title="Mainframe computer">mainframe</a> technology. On <a href="System_p" class="mw-redirect" title="System p">System p</a>, this virtualization package is referred to as PowerVM. PowerVM includes virtualization capabilities such as micro-partitioning, active memory sharing and de-duplication, a virtual I/O server for virtual networks and storage, as well as live partition mobility.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systems">Systems</h2></div>

<p>PowerLinux runs on:

</p>

<ul><li><a href="AmigaOne" title="AmigaOne">AmigaOne</a></li>

<li><a href="AmigaOne_X1000" title="AmigaOne X1000">AmigaOne X1000</a></li>

<li><a href="Cell_(microprocessor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cell (microprocessor)">Cell</a> blade server from <a href="Mercury_Computer_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercury Computer Systems">Mercury Computer Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Power_Systems" title="IBM Power Systems">IBM Power Systems</a></li>

<li><a href="Bladecenter" class="mw-redirect" title="Bladecenter">Bladecenter</a> Nodes: JS43, JS23, JS20, JS21, QS20, QS21, QS22 <a href="Blade_server" title="Blade server">Blade</a> Center</li>

<li><a href="Linux_on_the_PlayStation_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Linux on the PlayStation 3">Linux on the PlayStation 3</a></li>

<li><a href="Genesi_Pegasos" title="Genesi Pegasos">Genesi Pegasos</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120403015148/http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/linux/">"Linux – The Era of Open Innovation, IBM 100"</a>. IBM. 7 March 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/linux">the original</a> on April 3, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Linux_kernel_development-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Linux_kernel_development_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120630123427/http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2012/04/linux-foundation-releases-annual-linux-development-report#_ftn1">"Linux Kernel Development: How Fast it is Going, Who is Doing It, What They are Doing, and Who is Sponsoring It"</a>. The Linux Foundation. 3 April 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.linuxfoundation.org/news-media/announcements/2012/04/linux-foundation-releases-annual-linux-development-report#_ftn1">the original</a> on 30 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-PPC64_history-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PPC64_history_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHollis_Blanchard" class="citation web cs1">Hollis Blanchard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121218031255/http://penguinppc.org/ppc64/history/">"History"</a>. penguinppc.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://penguinppc.org/ppc64/history">the original</a> on 18 December 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-[ANNOUNCE]_Linux_boots_on_early_POWER4_hardware-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-[ANNOUNCE]_Linux_boots_on_early_POWER4_hardware_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lwn.net/2000/0608/a/power4.html">"Linux Kernel Mailing List : [ANNOUNCE] Linux boots on early POWER4 hardware"</a>. Linux Weekly News Archive. 5 June 2000.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-CIO_Insight-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIO_Insight_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cioinsight.com/c/a/Linux-and-Open-Source/IBMs-New-PowerLinux-Offerings-Target-Linux-Midmarket-488737/">"IBM's New PowerLinux Offerings Target Linux Midmarket"</a>. CIO Insight. 25 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-proven20151102-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proven20151102_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFProven2015" class="citation web cs1">Proven, Liam (2015-11-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20241207170012/https://www.theregister.com/2015/11/02/ibm_linux_mainframes/">"Old, not obsolete: IBM takes Linux mainframes back to the future"</a>. <i>The Register</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2015/11/02/ibm_linux_mainframes/">the original</a> on 2024-12-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2025-05-13</span></span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-IBM_Research_study-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IBM_Research_study_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAnne_E._GattikerFadi_H._GebaraAhmed_GheithH._Peter_Hofstee2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="Anne_Gattiker" title="Anne Gattiker">Anne E. Gattiker</a>; Fadi H. Gebara; Ahmed Gheith; H. Peter Hofstee; Damir A. Jamsek; Jian Li; Evan Speight; Ju Wei Shi; Guan Cheng Chen; Peter W. Wong (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://domino.research.ibm.com/library/cyberdig.nsf/papers/BCB226F47ACD98AC85257B27005F09DD/$File/rc25281revised.pdf">"Understanding System and Architecture for Big Data"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. IBM Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-ITIC_study-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ITIC_study_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFLaura_DiDio2012" class="citation web cs1">Laura DiDio (13 June 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130722030145/http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/pol03120usen/POL03120USEN.PDF">"IBM Powers Up New PowerLinux Servers and Strategy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Information Technology Intelligence Consulting (ITIC). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://public.dhe.ibm.com/common/ssi/ecm/en/pol03120usen/POL03120USEN.PDF">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 22 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-Clabby_Analytics_report-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Clabby_Analytics_report_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clabbyanalytics.com/uploads/PowerLinuxFinal.pdf">"Why in the World Wouldn't Anyone Want to Run Linux on POWER-based Systems?"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Clabby Analytics. June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/it-infrastructure/power/os/linux">Enterprise Linux on IBM Power Systems</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openpower.foundation">OpenPOWER Foundation</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lists.ozlabs.org/">Linux on Power users and kernel devel mailing lists</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/power-ras">Linux POWER RAS tools</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/ibm-power-utilities">Linux POWER utils</a> on <a href="GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www14.software.ibm.com/support/customercare/sas/f/lopdiags/home.html">Diagnostic aids, productivity tools, and installation and developer toolkits</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/linuxonibm">Linux information for IBM systems</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://developer.ibm.com/technologies/linux/">Linux at IBM Developer</a></li></ul>

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</style><div id="IBM_free_and_open-source_software_(FOSS)101" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> <a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">free and open-source software (FOSS)</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Software</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="NetRexx" title="NetRexx">NetRexx</a></li>

<li><a href="Object_REXX" title="Object REXX">Object REXX</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frameworks and<br>development tools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Carbon_Design_System" title="Carbon Design System">Carbon Design System</a></li>

<li><a href="Cgidev2" title="Cgidev2">CGIDEV2</a></li>

<li><a href="Apache_Derby" title="Apache Derby">Derby</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a></li>

<li><a href="Eclipse_Che" title="Eclipse Che">Eclipse Che</a></li>

<li><a href="HElib" title="HElib">HElib</a></li>

<li><a href="Kitura" title="Kitura">Kitura</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenAFS" title="OpenAFS">OpenAFS</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenJ9" title="OpenJ9">OpenJ9</a></li>

<li><a href="Postfix_(software)" title="Postfix (software)">Postfix</a></li>

<li><a href="Qiskit" title="Qiskit">Qiskit</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operating systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux" title="Red Hat Enterprise Linux">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Licenses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Common_Public_License" title="Common Public License">Common Public License</a></li>

<li><a href="IBM_Public_License" title="IBM Public License">IBM Public License</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eclipse_Foundation" title="Eclipse Foundation">Eclipse Foundation</a> (<a href="Eclipse_(software)" title="Eclipse (software)">Eclipse</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Fedora_Project" title="Fedora Project">Fedora Project</a> (<a href="Fedora_Linux" title="Fedora Linux">Fedora Linux</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Linux_on_IBM_Z" title="Linux on IBM Z">Linux on IBM Z</a></li>

<li><a href="Linux_Technology_Center" title="Linux Technology Center">Linux Technology Center</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Invention_Network" title="Open Invention Network">Open Invention Network</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Mainframe_Project" title="Open Mainframe Project">Open Mainframe Project</a></li>

<li><a href="OpenPOWER_Foundation" title="OpenPOWER Foundation">OpenPOWER Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="Open_Source_Security_Foundation" title="Open Source Security Foundation">Open Source Security Foundation</a></li>

<li><a href="SHARE_(computing)" title="SHARE (computing)">SHARE</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-07-15" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=PowerLinux&oldid=1300656110">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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